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Rubella is a viral exanthematous infectious disease caused by the Rubella virus. The illness follows a typically benign clinical course with rare complications and is subclinical in a large proportion of cases. Symptomatology is generally mild, characterized by fever, malaise, a maculopapular rash of 3 to 5 days duration, and possibly coryza and conjunctivitis. The disease is usually accompanied by lymphadenopathy. Infection confers lifelong immunity. Rubella-specific IgM antibody is found in virtually all infected patients by 3 weeks post rash development. It is also found in 80% of post-vaccination patients by 3 weeks. Congenitally infected infants will show an IgM response at 2 to 12 weeks postnatally. Primary prenatal infections may have devastating effects leading to Congenital Rubella Syndrome in neonates. This syndrome includes low birth weight, cataracts, deafness, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation. |
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