Infectious Mononucleosis
What is Infectious Mononucleosis ?
Infectious mononucleosis (mono) is often called the kissing disease. The virus that causes mono (Epstein-Barr virus) is spread through saliva. You can get it through kissing, but you can also be exposed by sharing a glass or food utensils with someone who has mono. However, mononucleosis isn’t as contagious as some infections, such as the common cold.
You’re most likely to get mononucleosis with all the signs and symptoms if you’re a teen or young adult. Young children usually have few symptoms, and the infection often goes undiagnosed. If you have mononucleosis, it’s important to be careful of certain complications such as an enlarged spleen. Rest and enough fluids are keys to recovery.
Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Swollen tonsils
- Headache
- Skin rash
- Soft, swollen spleen
- Loss of appetite
- Muscle aches
Cause
The most common cause of mononucleosis is the Epstein-Barr virus, but other viruses also can cause similar symptoms. This virus is spread through saliva, and you may catch it from kissing or from sharing food or drinks. Although the symptoms of mononucleosis are uncomfortable, the infection resolves on its own without long-term effects. Most adults have been exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus and have built up antibodies. This means they’re immune and won’t get mononucleosis.
Risk Factors
Infectious mononucleosis, often called “mono” or the “kissing disease”, is primarily spread through saliva, making sharing drinks, utensils, or kissing infected individuals a major risk factor. Other factors include weakened immune systems, certain age groups (15-25), and having close contact with many people like on a college campus. Here’s a more detailed breakdown of the risk factor. The most common way to spread the virus is through kissing. Sharing cups, glasses, straws, silverware, or toothbrushes with an infected person can transmit the virus. Droplets of saliva from coughing or sneezing can also transmit the virus, though less likely than direct saliva contact. Teenagers and young adults (15-25) are at higher risk for contracting mono, especially if they live in close proximity to many people like on a college campus. Individuals with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressant medications are more susceptible to infection or experiencing more severe symptoms. Spending significant time in close proximity to others, such as in a classroom, dorm, or workplace, can increase the risk of exposure. In rare cases, the virus can be spread through blood transfusions or organ transplants. Some studies suggest that certain psychosocial factors, such as parental pressure or academic performance, may contribute to a higher risk of developing mono. Some research suggests that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of developing mono, particularly in the winter months.
When to see a Doctor
If you’ve been experiencing the above symptoms, you may have mononucleosis. If your symptoms don’t get better on their own in a week or two, see your doctor.