Hypothyroidism
What is Hypothyroidism ?
Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone. This condition also is called underactive thyroid. Hypothyroidism may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Over time, hypothyroidism that isn’t treated can lead to other health problems, such as high cholesterol and heart problems.
Blood tests are used to diagnose hypothyroidism. Treatment with thyroid hormone medicine usually is simple, safe and effective once you and your health care provider find the right dosage for you.
Symptoms
- Tiredness
- More sensitivity to cold
- Constipation
- Dry skin
- Weight gain
- Puffy face
- Hoarse voice
- Coarse hair and skin
- Muscle weakness
- Muscle aches, tenderness and stiffness
- Menstrual cycles that are heavier than usual
- Thinning hair
- Depression
- Memory problems
Cause
Hashimoto’s disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. It’s an autoimmune disease, so it happens when your immune system attacks your thyroid. Other hypothyroidism causes include Certain medications, including lithium, thalidomide and amiodarone. Conditions present at birth, like being born with no thyroid gland or a thyroid gland that doesn’t work properly. Iodine deficiency (when you don’t have enough iodine in your body). Pituitary gland disorders, including noncancerous tumors. Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid that can happen after a viral illness or pregnancy).
Risk Factors
Anyone can get hypothyroidism. But you’re more likely to develop the condition if you’re female or have autoimmune disease. Genetic predisposition (a biological parent or sibling with the condition). History of thyroid surgery, including thyroid gland removal. Pregnancy. Previous history of head and neck radiation therapy. Started or stopped certain medications.
When to see a Doctor
See your health care provider if you’re feeling tired for no reason or if you have other symptoms of hypothyroidism. If you’re taking thyroid hormone medicine for hypothyroidism, follow your health care provider’s advice on how often you need medical appointments. At first, you may need regular appointments to make sure you’re receiving the right dose of medicine. Over time, you may need checkups so that your health care provider can monitor your condition and medicine.